Gymboree由Joan Barnes於1976年創立,最初是親子遊戲課程,並於1986年以Gymboree之名開設第一批童裝門市。它後來發展成一家大型購物中心型專業零售商,旗下擁有多個品牌、共超過1,000家門市:Gymboree、Gymboree Outlet、Janie & Jack(較高價位的童裝)以及Crazy 8(平價定位)。這家連鎖店以色彩鮮豔、耐穿的童裝聞名。

2010年,Bain Capital以18億美元透過槓桿收購取得Gymboree,使公司背負巨額債務。這樁槓桿收購發生之際,零售環境正開始轉變:網購持續成長、購物中心人流下滑,而H&M、Zara等快時尚競爭者正搶走市占率。Gymboree的償債成本吃掉了原本可用於門市投資與電子商務發展的現金。

Gymboree於2017年6月聲請第11章破產保護,關閉超過375家門市。公司在重整債務後於2017年9月走出破產程序,但這口氣並沒有維持太久。第二次破產發生在2019年1月17日。這一次,公司宣布關閉旗下所有Gymboree、Gymboree Outlet與Crazy 8實體門市,將近800個據點。Janie & Jack則賣給Gap Inc.。

2019年6月24日,The Children's Place以未公開的金額收購Gymboree與Crazy 8的資產,並將Gymboree重新推出為數位優先的子品牌,搭配店中店據點。那900多家形塑Gymboree三十年歷史的實體門市已不復存在。本案是私募股權收購後零售業最快崩解的例子之一:公司從18億美元的收購案走到完全清算,只花了九年。

Bain在2010年的槓桿收購使Gymboree無力投資電子商務;18個月內兩度破產關閉了全部900多家門市,而The Children's Place買下了該品牌。

Bain Capital在2010年以18億美元進行槓桿收購,使Gymboree背負在購物中心人流下滑、線上競爭者侵蝕銷售之際無力償付的債務——償債支出讓公司毫無餘裕投資電子商務。

Gymboree於2017年聲請第11章破產保護並關閉375家門市,但同樣的問題依然存在:購物中心型零售持續萎縮,而債務重整並未解決根本的商業模式問題。

僅僅18個月後的2019年1月,第二次破產迫使Gymboree與Crazy 8剩餘的800家門市全數清算——一樁私募股權收購摧毀了一個33年的品牌。

槓桿收購要在現金流穩定時才行得通。Gymboree在購物中心零售崩解之際背負沉重債務——這樁槓桿收購把一家苦苦掙扎的零售商變成了無力償債的公司。

The Children's Place於2019年將Gymboree重新推出為純線上品牌,並設有部分店中店據點。Janie & Jack則在Gap Inc.旗下繼續經營。所有原Gymboree、Gymboree Outlet與Crazy 8實體門市均已關閉。本案是私募股權「剝離轉手」策略在2010年代零售業大崩壞中反噬自身的最鮮明例子之一——與Payless、Nine West及Toys R Us同列為摧毀其所資助公司的槓桿收購案例。

追溯依據

參考來源

  1. Gymboree — Wikipedia (founded 1976; acquired by Bain Capital 2010 for $1.8B; Ch.11 June 2017; Ch.11 Jan 2019; acquired by The Children's Place 2019) en.wikipedia.org
  2. USA Today — Children's apparel chain Gymboree files Chapter 11 bankruptcy (12 Jun 2017; first Ch.11 filed late Sunday 11 June 2017; closing 375–450 of 1,281 stores; $1.4B debt; founded in San Francisco 1976 with first clothing stores 1986; Bain Capital acquired it for $1.8B in 2010) usatoday.com
  3. CNBC — Gymboree files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (12 Jun 2017; filed in the US Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia; about 375 store closures; $900M+ debt reduction; $308.5M financing) cnbc.com
  4. Gymboree press release via Metro Atlanta CEO — Gymboree emerges from bankruptcy (3 Oct 2017; the court-confirmed Plan of Reorganization went into effect 29 September 2017; eliminated more than $900M of debt; new owners are the pre-petition term loan lenders) metroatlantaceo.com
  5. San Francisco Chronicle — Gymboree begins winding down operations after 2nd bankruptcy (17 Jan 2019; second Ch.11 filed late Wednesday 16 January 2019; closing all Gymboree and Crazy 8 stores; Bain's $1.8B 2010 buyout; classes since 1976) sfgate.com
  6. CBS News — Gymboree closing all stores as retailer declares bankruptcy (17 Jan 2019; 540 Gymboree stores and outlets plus 265 Crazy 8 stores closing; Janie & Jack's 139 stores to be sold separately) cbsnews.com
  7. USA Today — Gymboree to sell brands to The Children's Place and Gap (3 Mar 2019; stalking-horse bids filed March 2: The Children's Place $76M for Gymboree and Crazy 8; Gap $35M for Janie & Jack; Richmond court) usatoday.com
  8. Gap Inc. Q1 FY2019 10-Q (Tier 1) — SEC filing (31 May 2019; on 4 March 2019 Gap acquired select Janie and Jack assets of Gymboree through the bankruptcy auction; total consideration $69M) sec.gov
  9. The Children's Place FY2019 10-K (Tier 1) — SEC filing (19 Mar 2020; on 4 April 2019 completed the acquisition of Gymboree Group IP including worldwide rights to 'Gymboree' and 'Crazy 8'; relaunched gymboree.com in February 2020 plus 200+ co-branded shop-in-shops) sec.gov