1974年,嘉寶(Gerber)——一家與嬰兒食品畫上等號的公司——推出了「Gerber Singles」,這是一系列單人份、即食的食品,包裝在與嬰兒食品相同的玻璃罐中,但鎖定的客群是成人。目標市場是大學生和獨居的年輕單身族。廣告標語是:「我們以前對你好,現在也對你好。」這個構想是:從小喝嘉寶嬰兒食品長大的成人,會樂於接受這種以熟悉包裝呈現的單人份餐食所帶來的便利。

產品立刻慘敗。正如《Business Insider》後來總結的:「一包包肉泥,對年輕單身族來說實在稱不上酷。」問題有兩層:第一,包裝與嬰兒食品毫無區別,讓成人吃起來覺得自己被當成嬰兒;第二,產品本身——肉類與蔬菜打成的泥——相較於當時已可買到的冷凍晚餐和罐頭湯,毫無吸引力。Gerber Singles 在一年內停產,如今被視為經典的品牌延伸失敗案例之一。

嘉寶把成人餐食重新包裝進嬰兒食品罐,但「肉泥」和幼稚化的品牌形象讓單身族敬而遠之;不到一年便停產。

包裝與嬰兒食品罐完全相同——成人在公開場合、甚至在家裡吃看起來像嬰兒食品的東西,都感到受辱

產品是肉類與蔬菜打成的泥——「肉泥」——與冷凍晚餐或罐頭湯等現有的便利食品相比毫無吸引力

嘉寶的品牌資產完全建立在嬰兒身上——要成人從嬰兒食品罐裡吃東西,無論標籤怎麼寫,都太過牽強

強勢品牌並不代表有權跟著顧客從一個人生階段走到下一個階段。如果包裝寫著「嬰兒」,而顧客是成人,那標籤就是在說謊。

Gerber Singles 與高露潔(Colgate)的冷凍主餐、Bic 的免洗內褲一同被列入品牌延伸失敗的恥辱殿堂。嘉寶重新完全聚焦於嬰兒食品與嬰兒用品,其品牌資產在那裡依然穩固。這起失敗被行銷教科書引用為品牌過度延伸的案例:一家稱霸某個品類的公司,不能假設顧客想在另一個人生階段獲得同樣的體驗。

追溯依據

參考來源

  1. Wikipedia — Gerber Singles (launched 1974; tagline 'We were good for you then, we're good for you now'; failed because 'meat mush' did not appeal to young singles) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Business Insider — 11 Biggest Food Flops (Jan 2012; 'In 1974… Gerber released Gerber Singles, small servings of food sold in little glass jars similar to those used for baby food but marketed toward college students and single adults… pre-portioned packages of meat mush didn't exactly scream cool to young singles') businessinsider.com
  3. The Hustle — Baby food for adults was just as sad as it sounds (launched 1974; the tagline 'We were good for you then, we're good for you now'; flavors included ham casserole and sweet and sour pork; pulled after about three months) thehustle.co
  4. Museum of Failure — Gerber Singles (1974; adult food in baby-food jars aimed at single adults; the stigma of eating creamed beef from a baby jar) museumoffailure.com
  5. Food Republic — Gerber Singles: Baby Food For Adults (1974; flavors included Beef Burgundy and Mediterranean Vegetables; identical jars and assembly lines as the baby food; pulled within three months) foodrepublic.com
  6. The Spicy Chefs — Gerber Once Tried To Make Adult Baby Food, And No, It Did Not Go Well (1974; tagline verbatim; targeted college students and first-time solo adults; packaging identical to the baby jars) thespicychefs.com