PB Max 是玛氏公司生产的一款巧克力棒。它由一块全麦饼干方块搭配奶油花生酱制成,外层裹上牛奶巧克力,还带有酥脆的饼干碎粒。1989 年上市,它是玛氏公司少数几款以花生酱为主打的产品之一——这家公司的产品线,主要偏重巧克力、牛轧糖和焦糖(士力架、Twix、Milky Way),花生酱通常只是配角,而不是主角。

这款巧克力棒在商业上取得了成功。到 1990 年代初,它的年销售额已经达到约 5000 万美元。电视广告幽默地宣称,「PB」的意思不是「piggy banks(存钱罐)」、「polka band(波尔卡乐队)」,也不是「portly ballerina(丰满的芭蕾舞者)」——它指的是花生酱(peanut butter)。从这款产品的市场表现来看,没有任何迹象表明它应该被停产。

1994 年,玛氏依然把 PB Max 停产了。据前玛氏高管阿尔弗雷德·波在乔尔·格伦·布伦纳所著《巧克力帝国》一书中的记述,原因很直接:玛氏家族本人不喜欢花生酱的味道。尽管年销售额高达 5000 万美元,这家家族企业依然停产了一款盈利的产品,只因为拥有这家公司的人不喜欢它的味道。

每年损失 5000 万美元收入;一款盈利产品因所有者的一时兴起而被停产

作为这家公司的私人所有者,玛氏家族凭个人口味行使了否决权——一款盈利的产品,仅仅因为所有者不喜欢花生酱而被停产

家族所有的治理结构,让个人偏好得以凌驾于市场数据之上,没有任何股东或董事会能够对这个决定提出质疑

玛氏没有任何制度性机制,去把所有者的个人口味与商业战略区分开来——这个家族厨房里的偏好,变成了公司政策

在一家家族所有的公司里,所有者的口味就是公司战略。一家私营公司,可以仅仅因为高层没有人喜欢它的味道,就停产一款年销 5000 万美元的产品。

PB Max 从未重新上市。它成了糖果爱好者中的一个小众收藏品,经常被引用为糖果史上最令人费解的产品停产案例之一。这个故事记录在乔尔·格伦·布伦纳 2008 年所著的《巧克力帝国》一书中,该书记述了好时和玛氏这个隐秘行业的内幕。这次停产,至今仍是家族企业治理凌驾于理性商业决策之上的一个教科书案例。

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参考来源

  1. Wikipedia — PB Max (launched 1989; $50M in sales; discontinued 1994 because Mars family disliked peanut butter; per exec Alfred Poe and The Emperors of Chocolate) en.wikipedia.org
  2. New York State Department of Taxation (Tier 1) — Advisory Opinion TSB-A-93(38)S on PB Max and Twix (21 Jun 1993; PB Max was a Mars product on sale by 1993, sold as candy in single and two-bar packs; principal ingredients peanut butter, milk chocolate, oats, flour, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and sugar) tax.ny.gov
  3. The Daily Meal — The Strange Rumor Surrounding The Discontinued PB Max Bar (10 Jul 2023; brought in a whopping $50 million; discontinued between 1992 and 1994; family-dislike story traced to The Emperors of Chocolate; the rumor has never been substantiated by the Mars family or any current employees) thedailymeal.com
  4. Mashed — 13 '80s Candies That Belong Back In Stores (launched 1989; $50 million in sales in just its first two years; Mars marketing director Alfred Poe convinced the Mars family to make PB Max even though the family reportedly loathed peanut butter, per The Emperors of Chocolate) mashed.com
  5. Snack History — PB Max History: The Discontinued Mars Bar (introduced 1989 by Mars Incorporated; peak sales approximately $50 million; discontinued because the Mars family had a distaste for peanut butter) snackhistory.com
  6. The Takeout — Discontinued Chocolate Candy We'll Probably Never Eat Again (2018; generated over $50 million in sales in a few short years; sold between 1989 and the early 1990s; Brenner's The Emperors of Chocolate attempts to substantiate the family-dislike theory) thetakeout.com
  7. YouTube — PB Max Commercial (original c. 1989–1994 TV ad; the 'PB stands for peanut butter' gag — not piggy banks, not polka band, not portly ballerina) youtube.com