The encyclopedia · Strategy & Leadership · Strategic decision · 2016–2020
Herschel's owners merged two cult boutiques into one company — neither survived
Need Supply and Totokaelo — cult US indie retailers merged under NSTO after the Herschel owners bought in 2016 — wound down in July 2020.
Need Supply · Totokaelo · NSTO · Herschel Capital Corp · 2020-07
What happened
Need Supply began in Richmond, Virginia, in the late 1990s as a vintage store and grew into an e-commerce force with its own label; Totokaelo was founded in Seattle by Jill Wenger in the late 2000s and became a destination boutique for Yohji Yamamoto, Comme des Garçons and Acne Studios, opening a SoHo flagship in 2015. In 2016, Herschel Capital Corp — owner of Herschel Supply Co. — bought Totokaelo and a minority stake in Need Supply, merging their operations into a holding company called NSTO. The brands stayed separate; the back offices became one. Wenger left within weeks of the sale.
The merged group ran local retail in New York, Seattle and Richmond while scaling global e-commerce out of Richmond — a structure that produced logistical bottlenecks and cash flow stretched so thin that past orders went unpaid while new seasonal deliveries had to be funded. Then 2020: US clothing-store sales fell 66.6 per cent between March and May against the year before, and niche luxury retailers found it hardest to shift stock. The group also drew public criticism that summer for what The Cut called a 'tin-eared and insufficient' response to the protests and calls for racial justice.
Staff were told on a company-wide call; on July 7, 2020, NSTO lawyer Corey S. Booker confirmed the retailers had 'made the difficult decision to wind down their businesses and operations in an orderly fashion.' Highsnobiety called them the first major retailers to announce closure in the pandemic. BoF's September post-mortem put the verdict in the words of NSTO chief executive Chris Bossola: 'There just wasn't a model that worked.' The stores and sites closed over the following months; Totokaelo's own label, Totokaelo Archive, ended with them.
Why it happened
- The 2016 merger consolidated back offices while keeping two brands and three cities of stores — one operating model now carried two curation businesses.
- Cash flow ran thin before the pandemic: unpaid past orders while new seasonal deliveries had to be funded — the shock arrived on a business already stretched.
- When clothing sales fell 66.6 per cent in spring 2020, the niche luxury stock was the hardest to shift, and the owners chose an orderly wind-down over a rescue.
The lesson
Two cult retailers merged under one holding company still needed two working business models — and in 2020, as NSTO's chief executive admitted, there just wasn't one that worked.
Aftermath
Need Supply and Totokaelo wound down over the months after the July 2020 announcement; the Crosby Street and Seattle stores closed and the e-commerce sites went dark. BoF's post-mortem made the case a reference point for indie luxury retail's pandemic economics.
Sources
- Need Supply and Totokaelo Will Shutter — The Cut (Jul 7, 2020)
- The End of Need Supply and Totokaelo: 'There Just Wasn't a Model That Worked' — The Business of Fashion (Sep 2, 2020)
- Need Supply & Totokaelo Will Close Permanently — Highsnobiety (Jul 2020)
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