The encyclopedia · Finance & Accounting · Strategic decision · 1975–2008
Linens 'n Things had 571 stores — a $1.3B buyout by Apollo killed it in two years
Apollo Global Management bought Linens 'n Things for $1.3B in 2006. By 2008 it was in Ch.11; by December all 571 stores had closed, 7,300 jobs lost.
Linens 'n Things · Apollo Global Management · 2008-10-17
What happened
Linens 'n Things was founded in 1975 and grew into America's second-largest home furnishings retailer behind Bed Bath & Beyond. At its peak it operated 571 stores in 47 states and six Canadian provinces, employed 7,300 people, and reported $2.7 billion in annual revenue. It was a solid, profitable chain with a well-known brand and a clear market position.
In February 2006, private equity firm Apollo Global Management acquired Linens 'n Things for $1.3 billion in cash. The buyout loaded the company with debt. Apollo attempted to boost performance with splashy clearance sales, aggressive product promotions, and other new strategies, but the changes failed to gain traction. By the third quarter of 2007, comparable-store sales and customer transactions were declining, the operating loss was $56.6 million, and the net loss had nearly tripled to $79.9 million.
On 2 May 2008, Linens 'n Things filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and announced it would close 120 underperforming stores. It tried to reorganise, developing a plan to emerge in early 2009 by reversing many of Apollo's post-acquisition strategies. But the debt was too heavy and the business was bleeding too fast. By October 2008, the company abandoned its restructuring plan, asked the bankruptcy court for permission to auction its remaining 371 stores, and began going-out-of-business sales. All stores closed by 28 December 2008. The online store closed in February 2009.
Why it happened
- The $1.3B leveraged buyout by Apollo Global Management in 2006 loaded Linens 'n Things with debt that left no room for error or reinvestment.
- Apollo's post-acquisition strategies — splashy clearance sales and aggressive promotions — failed to improve performance and alienated regular customers.
- Operating losses widened from $27M to $80M year-over-year, and the company could not service its debt while competing with Bed Bath & Beyond on price and selection.
- A planned 2009 emergence from bankruptcy was abandoned in October 2008 when it became clear the business could not be saved at any scale.
The lesson
Private equity loads a retailer with debt and splashes new strategies — it works only if the retailer generates enough cash. When losses widen, the debt becomes why the company cannot fix itself.
Aftermath
Linens 'n Things was liquidated in early 2009. The brand and intellectual property were later acquired by Galaxy Brand Holdings and then by Retail Ecommerce Ventures, which relaunched it as an online-only retailer. The case is cited alongside Toys R Us and Payless as an example of how a leveraged buyout can destroy a viable retailer not by mismanagement but by debt — the stores were profitable enough to survive, but not profitable enough to pay for their own acquisition.
Sources
- Linens 'n Things — Wikipedia (founded 1975; 571 stores; $2.7B revenue; Apollo $1.3B buyout Feb 2006; Chapter 11 May 2008; liquidation Oct 2008)
- LA Times — Linens 'n Things files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (May 2008; 120 stores closing; Apollo buyout; housing market decline cited)
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