Altos Hornos de México (AHMSA) was one of the largest steel companies in Latin America, with an annual production capacity of 5.5 million metric tons and its own iron mining complexes through subsidiary Minera del Norte. For 31 years it was controlled by Mexican politician and businessman Alonso Ancira Elizondo.
The company's finances were strained for decades. A first debt restructuring in 1999 failed to resolve the underlying problems. By 2022, public financial data showed assets of just over $2 billion against liabilities of almost $3 billion. A second restructuring attempt in 2024 also failed.
Mexico's tax authority, the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), then declared tax debts against AHMSA and Minera del Norte totalling approximately $3 billion — roughly doubling the company's known obligations. In May 2024, Minera del Norte was declared bankrupt. On 6 November 2024, a federal judge declared AHMSA bankrupt and ordered its sale.
A trustee took possession of the company's administration and assets on 11 December 2024. The sale process invited offers for the steel company and its mining operations as a single package. Due diligence was conducted by Techint's Ternium, ArcelorMittal, a Brazilian steel company, a Canadian company, and Mexican firm Villacero. Ancira lost control of the company he had run for three decades.
Two restructurings failed to fix operations, so the tax claim doubled known debt and the court ordered a sale.
Liabilities exceeded assets by roughly $1 billion before the tax debts were declared; the balance sheet was insolvent on paper years before the court acted
Two debt restructurings — 1999 and 2024 — addressed the symptoms without resolving the operational and governance problems that generated the debt
The SAT's $3 billion tax claim roughly doubled the known obligations, turning a distressed company into an unrecoverable one
Thirty-one years of single-person control concentrated strategic decisions in one owner whose political and business interests did not always align with the company's financial health
A restructuring that does not fix the operations generating the debt is a postponement. When the next creditor arrives, the company has used up its chances and its credibility.
The bankruptcy sale process continued through 2025 and into 2026, with multiple postponements. AHMSA's US assets were sold separately. The case became a reference point in Mexican industrial policy debates about the fate of large legacy manufacturers and the limits of debt restructuring as a rescue tool.
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