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Watcha lost the Korean streaming war and entered court rehabilitation

Korea's homegrown OTT saw users fall from 1.29M to 460K and defaulted on a ₩49B bond, sending it into court rehabilitation in 2025.

Watcha · 2025-08-04

What happened

Watcha, launched in 2013, was one of Korea's first homegrown streaming services, built around a recommendation engine that drew a loyal base of cinephiles. At its peak in January 2022 its monthly active users were estimated at 1.29 million, but the global streamers were already pulling the market away.

The economics turned. Watcha's revenue fell 22.8% in 2024 to ₩33.8 billion, it posted a net loss of ₩8.3 billion, and its current liabilities exceeded current assets by ₩90.7 billion. In 2021 it had raised a ₩49 billion convertible bond; by November 2024 that bond came due and the company could not repay it or negotiate an extension, prompting its auditor to refuse an opinion on the accounts.

On August 4, 2025, the Seoul Rehabilitation Court opened rehabilitation proceedings for Watcha after its bondholder InLight Ventures filed the petition. Monthly active users had fallen to about 460,000 — a third of the 2022 peak — as users left for Netflix and the other global OTT services that had come to dominate the Korean market.

Why it happened

  • Watcha took on a ₩49 billion convertible bond it could not service, and when OTT competition intensified and users left, there was no revenue growth to meet the obligation.
  • The recommendation-driven niche never became a scale business: loyal cinephiles were not enough to fund the content spending needed to stand against Netflix in Korea.
  • MAU fell from 1.29 million to 460,000 as global streamers captured the Korean market, leaving a base too small to support the debt taken on at the top of the cycle.
What it cost₩49B CB default; MAU fell from 1.29M to 460Kcostly

The lesson

A niche recommendation engine is a feature, not a moat. A local streaming service that cannot fund content against a global incumbent eventually has to pay its bond with users it no longer has.

Aftermath

The Seoul Rehabilitation Court's Division 17 opened rehabilitation proceedings for Watcha on August 4, 2025, with CEO Park Tae-hoon remaining in charge under court supervision. The company said it would keep the service running as it sought to restructure and sell management control.

Sources

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    Somewhere, someone solved the problem this company failed at. 2nd Opinion →