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The encyclopedia · Product & Design · Product decision · 1905

The popsicle: a frozen drink on a stick, discovered by accident in 1905

In 1905, 11-year-old Epperson left a glass of lemonade with a stirring stick on the porch overnight. It froze. He patented it 18 years later as the Popsicle.

Joe Lowe Company · Unilever · 1905

What happened

In 1905, 11-year-old Frank Epperson of Oakland, California, mixed powdered lemonade soda with water and left the glass on his porch with a stirring stick still inside. That night, record-low temperatures froze the mixture solid around the stick. Epperson discovered the frozen treat the next morning, pulled it out by the stick, and tasted it. He had accidentally invented the ice pop.

Epperson did nothing with the discovery for 17 years. In 1922, at age 28, he introduced the frozen treat at a fireman's ball in San Francisco, where it was an immediate hit. The following year, at age 29, he filed a patent for a 'frozen ice on a stick,' calling it the 'Epsicle' — a combination of his last name and icicle. By 1924 he had patented all handled frozen confections.

Epperson debuted the Epsicle in seven fruit flavors at the Neptune Beach amusement park in California, marketing it as a 'frozen lollipop.' He sold the rights to the invention and the Popsicle brand name to the Joe Lowe Company of New York in 1925. The treats were sold for a nickel on birch sticks. A twin-stick version was introduced for sharing. The name was later changed to 'Popsicle,' reportedly coined by Epperson's children.

The Popsicle became a cultural icon and a generic trademark for frozen ice on a stick in the United States and Canada. Unilever now owns the brand, selling hundreds of millions of popsicles annually in over 30 flavors. A drink left on a cold porch by an 11-year-old became one of the world's most recognizable frozen treats.

Why it happened

  • Epperson was 11 years old and not trying to invent anything — he left a drink on the porch with a stirring stick and forgot it, and the cold night did the rest
  • It took 18 years between the accident (1905) and the patent (1923) — Epperson did nothing with the discovery for nearly two decades, a classic case of failing to recognize an opportunity
  • The name 'Popsicle' came from Epperson's children, not from him — the original name 'Epsicle' was not catchy enough, and the rebrand was key to the product's success
  • The twin-stick design (two popsicles sharing one stick) was introduced for sharing and became a product innovation in its own right
What it costA glass of lemonade and 18 years before the patentlucky mistake

The lesson

The popsicle was invented by accident, forgotten for 18 years, and turned into a global brand. Epperson's mistake was not the frozen drink — it was waiting nearly two decades to do anything about it.

Sources

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