案例库 · 财务与会计 · 财务决策 · 2022–2026
新罗为仁川免税店出价每位旅客 8987 韩元——然后花 1900 亿韩元离场
新罗 2022 年以每位旅客 8987 韩元中标仁川机场 DF1 免税区。随之而来的是亏损;2025 年 9 月交还经营权,1900 亿韩元打水漂。
新罗酒店 · 仁川国际机场公社 · 2026-04-16
怎么回事
在仁川机场 2022 年的免税招标中,新罗酒店出价每位旅客 8987 韩元——超过最低可接受价的 160%——那是一场中国中免被预期入场竞标的白热化竞价。新罗拿下 DF1——化妆品、香水、酒类和烟草区——租期十年,2023 至 2033 年。
租金随客流浮动;销售没有。疫情后的旅客回来了,却转去市内店和线上消费,而按人头计的租金不管旅客买不买都要收。DF1 每月亏损 60 亿至 80 亿韩元——仅 2024 年就亏 697 亿韩元——新罗的旅游零售部门 2024 年营业亏损 757 亿韩元、2025 年 531 亿韩元,而 2023 至 2025 年累计租金估算达 1.8 万亿韩元。
2025 年 9 月,新罗酒店决定交还经营权,判断它作为持续经营体的价值低于离开的成本;DF1 于 2026 年 4 月 16 日结束运营,乐天免税店次日进驻。退出放弃了约 1900 亿韩元的保证金和违约金——2026 年 6 月前后,新罗还向机场公司提起超过 1000 亿韩元的索赔,主张违约金是基于高估的租金结构计算的。2026 年第二季度,甩掉该区域后,新罗酒店营业利润同比大增 606%,至 611 亿韩元。
为什么会这样
- 投标假设恢复的客流会转化为免税消费;旅客来了,消费却转移到了市内零售和线上。
- 按人头计的租金随每一位旅客到达上涨,与销售无关——一场以底价 160% 赢下的拍卖,变成一张只涨不跌的账单。
- 留下意味着月月亏损直到 2033 年;付 1900 亿韩元离场,按公司自己的算术,是更便宜的错误。
教训
赢家的诅咒:新罗为十年期的区域出价每位旅客 8987 韩元,超过底价的 160%。旅客恢复了,销售没有;DF1 2024 年失血 697 亿韩元,退出又多付 1900 亿韩元。
后来呢
乐天免税店 2026 年 4 月接手 DF1——4094 平方米内 15 家店、约 240 个品牌、合同最长十年——时隔三年重返仁川。新世界已在 2025 年 10 月以类似的亏损结构交还 DF2 区域。新罗对机场公司超 1000 亿韩元的索赔,被业界视为对按人头租金模式的考验——这一模式占机场公司收入的约 40%。
资料来源
- HuffPost Korea — "Will the '₩100B lawsuit' filed by Hotel Shilla shake Incheon Airport's duty-free rent structure?", 12 June 2026 (Shilla won DF1 in the 2022 bid at ₩8,987 per passenger, over 160% of the minimum, amid heated competition including expected China Duty Free Group participation; 10-year contract 2023–2033; unjust-enrichment claim of over ₩100B, more than half of the roughly ₩190B early-termination penalty, arguing the penalty rests on an excessively estimated per-passenger rent structure; estimated cumulative rent 2023–2025 ₩1.8 trillion; travel-retail division operating losses ₩75.7B in 2024 and ₩53.1B in 2025; duty-free rent about 40% of IIAC revenue)
- Sisa Journal e — "Hotel Shilla's profit recovery back on track… remaining task is normalising duty-free", 31 July 2026 (returned DF1 rights in September 2025 forfeiting ₩190B deposit; DF1 annual operating loss ₩69.7B in 2024; monthly losses of ₩6B–8B; profitability-centred management after airport withdrawal)
- Chosun Ilbo — "Hotel Shilla Q2 operating profit ₩61.1B… up 606%", 31 July 2026 (DF1 operations ended 16 April 2026; rights returned after judging continuation value lower than liquidation value; rent and operating costs fell from mid-April; Q2 operating profit ₩61.1B, up 606%)
- Sisa Journal e — "Kim Dong-ha's gambit… Lotte Duty Free takes Incheon DF1, aims to reclaim No.1", 22 July 2026 (Shilla returned DF1 in September 2025 forfeiting ₩190B; Shinsegae returned DF2 in October 2025 under a similar loss structure; Lotte began operating DF1 in April 2026, its return to Incheon after about three years — 15 stores, 4,094㎡, around 240 brands, contract of up to 10 years, targeting ₩600B in additional annual sales)
- Newslock — duty-free industry analysis, 4 August 2026 (Shilla ended DF1 to cut a loss-making airport business that had produced about ₩100B in annual operating losses; Lotte re-entered DF1 on 17 April 2026 with 15 stores; Hyundai began DF2 on 28 April 2026; Shilla 2025 TR revenue ₩3.3818T with ₩47.3B operating loss, Q1 2026 back in profit at ₩12.2B; Hana Securities expects airport losses under ₩50B in 2026)
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