The encyclopedia · Finance & Accounting · Financial decision · 2024
WazirX lost $234M in one wallet — users waited 15 months for a plan
Hackers drained over $230M — about 45% of WazirX's user crypto — in July 2024. Withdrawals stayed frozen until a Singapore court scheme.
Zettai Pte Ltd · 2024-07-01
What happened
WazirX, the Indian crypto exchange operated out of Singapore by Zettai Pte Ltd, was hacked in July 2024: more than $230 million — reported at $234 million, roughly 45% of the platform's user crypto assets — drained through a multisig wallet. The attack was attributed to North Korea's Lazarus Group, carried out via private key interception, and the stolen funds were laundered through Tornado Cash. Deposits, withdrawals and trading were halted and stayed halted.
The recovery took the shape of a restructuring, not a refund. On 23 January 2025 Singapore's High Court granted approval for a plan to avoid liquidation, built around recovery tokens and a targeted 75–80% restoration of lost funds. In an August re-vote, 95.7% of voting creditors by number — 94.6% by value — backed the revised scheme, and on 13 October 2025 the High Court sanctioned it.
What users actually got was a phased promise: initial distributions of up to 85% of pre-hack value within ten business days of the scheme taking effect, the remainder as recovery tokens backed by a three-year buyback funded from profits and recovered assets, custody moved to BitGo, and a platform relaunch. Fifteen months after the wallet emptied, the exchange reopened — with its customers converted into creditors of its future.
Why it happened
- Nearly half of all customer crypto sat behind one multisig setup; one intercepted key set turned the exchange's whole user base into creditors.
- The exchange did not control the keys to its own customer funds — custody design decided who carried the hack, and how long the freeze lasted.
- Recovery was rebuilt as a claim on future profits: tokens, buybacks, a new DEX. The refund became a bet on the exchange surviving.
The lesson
Custody design is the product. When one wallet holds nearly half of customer assets, a hack is not an incident but a balance-sheet event — and the refund becomes a restructuring.
Sources
- CoinDesk — WazirX restructuring cleared in massive relief for $230M hack victims, 13 Oct 2025
- MoneyControl — Singapore court approves WazirX's restructuring plans following $230M hack, Oct 2025
- DeFi Planet — WazirX secures Singapore High Court approval for restructuring plan, Jan 2025
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