The encyclopedia · Strategy & Leadership · Strategic decision · 1989–2003
China spent $100M on a theme park in Florida — it drew 200 visitors a day
Splendid China, the $100M miniature park China Travel Service built in Florida in 1993, closed in December 2003 after attendance fell to 200–300 visitors a day.
Splendid China · China Travel Service · 2003-12
What happened
Splendid China Florida was the sister park of Shenzhen's hugely successful miniature park: 75 acres near U.S. Highway 192 in Kissimmee with over 60 hand-crafted one-tenth-scale replicas — a half-mile Great Wall built from roughly seven million bricks, the Terracotta Warriors, the Forbidden City, the Potala Palace. Groundbreaking came in December 1989; the park opened in late 1993, built for $100 million as a partnership between local investor Josephine Chen and China Travel Service, which bought out its American partners that same December.
The park was too quiet for its corridor. It barely advertised, and along U.S. 192 it was competing for leftovers against Disney and the mega-parks. Former executives said attendance ran 400–500 visitors a day in the late 1990s and fell to 200–300 by 2000, while reports put losses at $9 million a year by 1999. Protests over the park's ownership and school-trip bans chipped away at group visits. UCF tourism professor Abraham Pizam was blunt: 'The only reason it exists, or has remained open, is because it is owned by the government of China. Otherwise, it would have closed a long time ago.'
On 31 December 2003 the park closed for good; China Travel Service cited the 'continuing downturn' in tourism and 'significant losses'. About 40 people lost their jobs, and the property, assessed at $12.86 million, sat abandoned and was heavily vandalized. Listed for $30 million in 2009, it was demolished starting in May 2013; the Margaritaville Resort Orlando now stands on the site.
Why it happened
- A second-tier attraction on a mega-park corridor with almost no advertising budget was never going to win walk-in traffic.
- Attendance halved from the late 1990s to 2000 while losses reached $9M a year — but the state-owned owner kept it open.
- Protests and school-trip bans eroded the group-visit business the park depended on.
The lesson
Splendid China Florida had a $100M budget and a half-mile Great Wall but no advertising and no answer to Disney; only its state owner's patience kept it open a decade. Attendance of 200 closed it.
Aftermath
The site sat abandoned and vandalized for a decade, was listed for $30M in 2009, demolished from May 2013, and is now the Margaritaville Resort Orlando.
Sources
- Orlando Sentinel, 31 December 2003 — Splendid China closes today after 10 years (closed end of business 31 December 2003; Chinese Travel Service of Hong Kong cited 'continuing downturn' in tourist industry and 'significant losses'; former executives: 400–500 visitors a day in late 1990s, dropping to 200–300 by 2000; UCF professor Abraham Pizam: park stayed open only because owned by the government of China, 'otherwise, it would have closed a long time ago, probably after six months'; lack of advertising made future doubtful from the start; ~40 employees lost jobs; park and attractions assessed at $12.86M; 76-acre property; protests through the years including at least 50 by Citizens Against Communist Chinese Propaganda; tickets $28.88 adult / $18.88 child)
- Wikipedia — Splendid China (Florida) (groundbreaking 19 December 1989; opened late 1993; built for $100 million; 75 acres with over 60 one-tenth-scale replicas including a 0.5-mile Great Wall of ~7 million bricks, Terracotta Warriors, Potala Palace and Forbidden City; originally a partnership between Josephine Chen and China Travel Service, which bought out the American partners in December 1993; losses of $9 million/year by 1999; closed 31 December 2003; site heavily vandalized after closure, listed for sale at $30M in July 2009, demolition began 9 May 2013, Margaritaville Resort Orlando now occupies the site)
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