The encyclopedia · Strategy & Leadership · Strategic decision · 2014–2019
Ford paid $65M for Chariot to learn mobility — and wound it down in two years
Chariot ran app-booked commuter vans from 2014; Ford bought it for a reported $65M in 2016, then announced the shutdown in January 2019, routes unprofitable.
Chariot · Ford Motor Company · 2019-01
What happened
Chariot started in San Francisco in 2014: app-booked 14-seat vans running commuter routes crowdsourced from rider demand — 'microtransit' pitched between the public bus and the ride-hail. Ford Motor Company acquired it in September 2016 for a reported $65 million, its first mobility acquisition, and poured money into expansion.
The expansion multiplied the problem. Chariot grew to ten cities including Seattle, New York, Chicago, London and Detroit, but ridership stayed thin against costs: owning vehicles and employing unionised drivers was expensive, while public transit, ride-hailing and new e-scooters all competed for the same commuter. In October 2017 California regulators briefly suspended the service over unlicensed drivers.
On 10 January 2019 Ford announced Chariot would shut down: public routes ended 1 February 2019, corporate van services by the end of March. More than three million rides and 625 jobs ended with the admission that five years of service 'will not be a sustainable solution going forward.' Ford said the lessons would feed its other mobility bets.
Why it happened
- Owned vans and unionised drivers made 'microtransit' the most expensive way to move a commuter — running a van cheaper than a bus per passenger proved a daunting idea.
- The same commuter was chased by public transit, ride-hailing and scooters at once; ridership stayed too thin to fill 14-seat vans.
- Ford funded ten cities of expansion before any city proved profitable, then chose to stop paying.
The lesson
Ford bought Chariot to learn the future of mobility and spent two years learning it could not run cheaper than a bus — a reported $65M acquisition closed with three million rides and 625 jobs.
Aftermath
Ford said Chariot's routing and dispatch lessons would feed GoRide, FordPass and its autonomous-driving plans; some of the 625 employees were offered Ford positions.
Sources
- WIRED, 10 January 2019 — Ford Shuts Down Its Chariot Shuttle Service (announced 10 January 2019; public commuter routes ended 1 February 2019, enterprise van services by end of March; cities Austin, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, SF Bay Area and London; low ridership and high costs from owning vehicles and employing unionised drivers; competition from public transit, ride-hailing and micromobility; California suspension October 2017 over unlicensed drivers; Ford acquired Chariot September 2016 for reported $65M, its first acquisition of a demand shuttle service; SF fares $3.80 off-peak / $5 rush; 625 employees, some offered Ford positions; consultant Bruce Schaller: 'Running a van cheaper than a bus, per passenger, is a daunting idea')
- San Francisco Chronicle, January 2019 — San Francisco's Chariot shuttle service to shut down (announcement 10 January 2019; last day of service 1 February 2019, all operations ceased by end of March; more than 3 million rides provided; routes in San Francisco, Seattle, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Detroit, Denver, Austin, Columbus and London plus corporate shuttles for GoPro and UCSF; financial unsustainability — could not make money or operate without subsidies; founded circa 2014; acquired by Ford September 2016 for reported $65M; SF drivers unionised under Teamsters Local 665 in 2017)
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